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Connecticut  Agricultural  ^"^^ ' 
Experiment  Station 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 
BULLETIN  213  ^  JULY,  1919 


ECONOMY  IN  FEEDING  THE  FAMILY 


V 

Condensed  Milk,  Malted  Milk 
Milk  Powder 


CONTENTS 

Condensed  Milk 399 

Malted  Milks 405 

Milk  Powders 405 

Hebe 405 

Sugar-free  Milks 407 


The  Bulletins  of  this  Station  are  mailed  free  to  citizens  of  Connecti- 
cut who- apply  for  them,  and  to  others  as  far  as  the  editions  permit. 


CONNECTICUT  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

OFFICERS  AND  STAFF 


BOARD  OF  CONTROL. 
His  Excellency,  Marcus  H.  Holcomb,  ex-officio,  President. 

James  H.  Webb,  Vice  President Hamden 

George  A.  Hopson,  Secretary , Wallingford 

E.  H.  Jenkins,  Director  and  Treasurer New  Haven 

Joseph  W.  Alsop Avon 

Charles  R.  Treat Orange 

Elijah  Rogers Southington 

William  H.  Hall South  WilHngton 


Administration . 


Chemistry. 

Analytical  Laboratory. 


Protein  Research. 
Botany. 

Entomology. 

Forestry. 

Plant  Breeding. 
Vegetable  Growing. 


E.  H.  Jenkins,  Ph.D.,  Director  and  Treasurer. 

Miss  V.  E.  Cole,  Librarian  and  Stenographer. 

Miss  L.  M.  Beautlecht,  Bookkeeper  and  Stenographer. 

WiiiLiAM  Veitch,  In  charge  of  Buildings  and  Grounds. 


John  Phillips  Street,  M.S.,  Chemist  in  charge. 

E.  MoNHOE  Bailet,  Ph.D.,  i 

C.  B.  MoRisoN,  B.S.,  C.  E.  Shepard,  >  Assistant  Chemists. 

M.  A.  d'Esopo,  Ph.B.,  H.  D.  Edmond,  B.S.  ' 

Frank  Sheldon,  Laboratory  Assistant. 

V.  L.  Churchill,  Sampling  Agent. 

Miss  Alta  H.  Moss,  Stenographer. 

T.  B.  Osborne,  Ph.D.,  D.Sc,  Chemist  in  Charge. 
Miss  E.  L.  Ferry,  M.S.,  Assistant. 

G.  P.  Clinton,  Sc.D.,  Botanist. 

E.  M.  Stoddard,  B.S.,  Assistant  Botanist. 

Florence  A.  McCormick,  Ph.D.,  Scientific  Assistant. 

G.  E.  Graham,  Genera?  Assistant. 


W.  E.  Britton,  Ph.D.,  Entomologist;   State  Entomologist. 

B.  H.  Walden,  B.Agr.,  First  Assistant. 

M.  P.  Zappe,  B.S.,  I.  W.  Davis,  B.Sc,  Assistants. 
Miss  Gladys  M.  Finlet,  Stenographer. 

Walter  O.  Filley,  Forester,  also  State  Forester 

and  State  Forest  Fire  Warden. 
A.  E.  Moss,  M.F.,  Assistant  State  and  Station  Forester. 
Miss  E.  L.  Avery,  Stenographer. 

Donald  F,  Jones,  S.D.,  Plant  Breeder. 

C.  D.  Hubbell,  Assistant. 

W.  C.  Pelton,  B.S. 


Condensed  or  Evaporated  Milks^  Malted 
Milks  and  Milk  Powders. 

By  John  Phillips  Street 
Chemist  in  Charge  of  Analytical  Laboratory. 


Condensed  Milk. 


The  words  "condensed"  and  "evaporated"  as  appHed  to  milk 
have  been  rather  loosely  used  in  the  past.  The  term  "evaporated" 
has  generally  been  appHed  to  milk  which  had  been  concentrated 
by  evaporation  under  reduced  pressure  with  more  or  less  heat, 
but  without  the  addition  of  any  cane  sugar.  The  term  "evaporated 
cream"  was  always  a  misnomer,  as  the  product  was  similar  to 
cream  only  in  consistency.  Legal  enactments  and  the  practice  of 
the  better  class  of  manufacturers  have  made  this  term  obsolete. 

"Condensed"  milk,  on  the  other  hand,  is  popularly  apphed  to 
evaporated  milk  to  which  more  or  less  cane  sugar  has  been  added 
to  aid  in  its  preservation.  Certain  brands,  however,  are  found  on 
the  market  where  the  original  significance  of  the  two  terms  is 
entirely  lost,  and  confusion  has  accordingly  resulted.  The  Federal 
Committee  on  Food  Definitions  and  Standards  recognizes  the 
terms  "condensed"  and  "evaporated"  as  appHed  to  milk  as 
synonymous,  and  suggests  the  use  of  the  prefixes  "sweetened"  or 
"unsweetened"  as  the  case  may  be,  to  prevent  misunderstanding. 

The  numerical  standards  now  in  force  for  these  products  are 
as  follows: 

Condensed  milk  contains  not  less  than  25.5  per  cent,  of  total  solids  and 
not  less  than  7.8  per  cent,  of  milk  fat. 

Sweetened  condensed  milk  contains  not  less  than  28.0  per  cent,  of  total 
milk  solids  and  not  less  than  8.0  per  cent,  of  milk  fat. 

Condensed  skimmed  milk  contains  not  less  than  20.0  per  cent,  of  milk 
solids. 

Sweetened  condensed  skimmed  milk  contains  not  less  than  28.0  per  cent, 
of  milk  solids. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  quality  of  a  condensed  milk  depends 
upon  the  quality  of  the  original  milk,  upon  the  degree  of  concen- 
tration, and  upon  the  skill  with  which  this  concentration  is  ef- 


400         CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BULLETIN  213. 

fected.  If  skimmed  or  partially  skimmed  milk  is  condensed  the 
product  will  necessarily  be  deficient  in  milk  fat;  a  highly  con- 
centrated milk  of  course  will  be  richer  than  one  of  less  concentra- 
tion made  from  the  same  original  milk;  excessive  heat  will  give 
the  product  an  unpleasant  cooked  taste;  and  poor  methods  of 
manufacture  will  produce  granulation,  grittiness  and  other  un- 
desirable features.  The  quality  of  the  raw  material  and  the  skill 
of  the  manufacturer  therefore  greatly  influence  the  quality  of  the 
manufactured  product. 

Unsweetened  milk  is  quite  apt  to  spoil  after  the  can  has  been 
opened.  It  should  therefore  be  kept  ia  a  cold  place  pending  use, 
and  the  same  precautions  taken  for  its  preservation  as  for  raw  milk. 
Indeed,  it  has  been  suggested  that  manufacturers  should  pack 
such  mUk  in  cans  holding  only  enough  for  a  day's  supply.  While 
this  would  increase  the  cost,  it  would  offer  obvious  advantages. 
The  sweetened  condensed  milks  keep  much  better,  but  even  these 
should  be  kept  in  a  cold  place  after  opening. 

The  tables  contain  our  analyses  of  43  samples  of  unsweetened, 
84  sweetened  and  6  sweetened  skimmed  condensed  milks.  These 
were  examined  chiefly  in  1904,  1906,  1909,  1916,  and  1919,  the 
later  analyses  probably  more  accurately  representing  the  product 
as  now  sold. 

It  will  be  noted  that  whUe  the  sweetened  milks  on  the  average 
contain  somewhat  more  fat  than  the  unsweetened,  the  large 
amount  of  cane  sugar  added  necessitates  a  considerable  dilution 
before  use.  The  dilution  necessary  to  miaimize  this  excessive 
sweetness  reduces  the  proportion  of  protein  and  fat  far  below  that 
found  in  normal  milk.  The  labels  of  most  brands  of  condensed 
milk  give  directions  for  its  use  as  a  drink,  alone  or  with  tea  or 
coffee,  as  a  cooking  adjunct,  or  as  a  food  for  infants. 

In  our  1909  inspection  attention  was  called  to  the  ver}^  mis- 
leading directions  for  dilution  given  on  many  of  the  labels  which, 
if  followed,  would  yield  a  very  dUute  product  quite  unfit  for  the 
purposes  indicated.  From  our  tables  it  is  apparent  that  none  of 
the  brands  can  be  diluted  with  much  more  than  1.5  parts  of 
water  to  one  of  milk  and  still  yield  a  product  equalling  standard 
milk  in  fat  content. 

In  the  inspections  of  1916  and  1919  a  gratifying  change  for  the 
better  was  noted  on  many  of  the  labels.  A  very  common  claim 
then  made  was  as  follows:    "By  adding  one  part  of  water  to  one 


CONDENSED   MiLg.  401 

part  of  the  contents  of  this  can  a  resulting  milk  product  will  be 
obtained  which  will  not  be  below  the  legal  standard  for  whole 
milk."  This  claim  is  correct  as  appKed  to  all  but  one  of  the  brands 
of  unsweetened  milks  Hsted  in  the  table.  Such  a  diluted  product 
will  closely  resemble  market  milk  in  composition.  However,  the 
same  claim  is  often  made  for  the  sweetened  milks,  and  with  these 
it  is  less  tenable.  The  average  composition  of  a  sweetened  milk 
thus  diluted  would  show  36.83  solids,  20.15  cane  sugar,  0.91  ash, 
4.19  protein,  7.05  milk  sugar  and  4.53  per  cent,  fat,  a  product 
very  different  from  normal  milk. 

It  is  in  connection  with  the  directions  for  infant  feeding,  how- 
ever, that  the  severest  criticism  must  be  made  as  to  the  manu- 
facturers' claims.  This  subject  was  discussed  at  length  in  our 
Reports  for  1909  and  1916,  and  will  not  be  elaborated  here. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  resultant  mixtures  made  by  following 
the  manufacturers'  directions  do  not  even  approximate  the  com- 
position of  human  milk,  the  deficiencies  in  protein  and  fat  being 
especially  striking.  In  the  sweetened  milks  cane  sugar  makes  up 
from  30  to  60  per  cent,  of  the  solids  in  the  child's  diet.  The 
seriousness  of  the  matter  lies  in  the  fact  that  many  ignorant 
mothers,  trusting  to  the  manufacturers'  directions,  offer  to  their 
babies  diets  which  by  no  possibility  can  maintain  them  or  secure 
adequate  growth. 

Condensed  milks  have  a  distinct  use  in  the  home  and  in  the 
sick  room.  When  properly  prepared  they  are  more  digestible 
than  fresh  cow's  milk/  a  strong  point  in  their  favor.  While  they 
cannot  be  regarded  as  absolutely  sterile,  as  the  heat  to  which 
they  are  subjected  is  not  necessarily  high  enough  to  kill  all  disease 
germs,  they  are  probably  more  nearly  sterile  than  most  raw  milk, 
and  if  properly  kept  after  opening  are  less  Hable  to  spoilage  and 
decomposition.  As  an  exclusive  diet  for  young  children  they 
cannot  be  recommended,  because  of  their  deficiency  in  fat.  An 
unsweetened  condensed  milk  properly  diluted  with  water,  and 
with  cream  and  milk  sugar  added,  would  offer  a  very  satisfactory 
substitute  for  human  milk.  The  sweetened  condensed  milks  are 
entirely  unsuited  for  infants'  use,  no  matter  how  they  are  manipu- 
lated. 


1  Hutchinson's  Food  &  the  Principles  of  Dietetics,  1906,  p.  458. 


402         CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BULLETIN   213. 


Table  I — Condensed  Milk  (Unsweetened). 


Brand  and  Manufacturer. 

u 

5i 

"3  M 

1 

02 

.|2 

•2 

03 

•S 

olz; 

j^ 

^ 

_o  t. 

Q* 

^ 

CD 

< 

1 

a 

'5  o. 

1916 

Armour  &  Co.     Veribest 

74.57 

1.58 

6.38 

9.80 

7.67 

134 

1919 

«                     U          «                           ti 

74.94 

1.58 

6.67 

8.55 

8.26 

135 

1905 

Borden's  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Peerless 

U                           11                      «             11                  ti 

70.97 
73.68 

7.55 
7.60 

1906 

'i!52 

'6!95 



10.25 

137 

1909 

u                   ti                ti         u             a 

69.21 

1.71 

8.36 

11.45 

9.27 

163 

1916 

u                  u                u         u             u 

73.72 

1.39 

6.64 

9.82 

8.43 

142 

1919 

Carnation  Milk  Prod.  Co.    Car- 

nation  

74.29 
74.04 

1.34 
1.63 

6.70 

6.83 

8.10 
9.49 

9.57 
8.11 

145 

1916 

Delavan  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Beauty 

138 

1909 

Federal  Packing  Co.     Hylac.  . .  . 

70.13 

1.70 

8.17 

9.80 

10.20 

164 

1909 

Gt.  Atl.  &  Pac.  Tea  Co.   A.  &  P. 

71.54 

1.43 

7.66 

10.80 

8.57 

151 

1916 

u               u                       u                       a 

74.07 

1.50 

6.57 

9.85 

8.01 

138 

1906 

Helvetia  Milk  Cond.  Co.    High- 

land  

69.70 

1.85 

8.31 

11.46 

8.68 

157 

1909 

Helvetia  Milk  Cond.  Co.    High- 

land  

70.60 
73.66 

1.60 
1.58 

7.85 
6.86 

10.95 
10.43 

9.00 

7.47 

156 

1906 

Helvetia  Milk  Cond.  Co.  Our  Pet 

136 

1909 

((                       tl                   u                       u            u 

71.62 

1.63 

7.08 

10.71 

8.96 

152 

1916 

u                  u               u                 u         u 

71.82 

1.69 

7.53 

10.63 

8.33 

148 

1916 

Highland  Milk  Cond.  Co.   Honor 

71.29 

1.48 

7.08- 

11.39 

8.76 

153 

1916 

((                   a                   u                        a 

71.95 

1.53 

7.08 

10.54 

8.90 

151 

1906 

Hires  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Gold. . .  . 

75.19 

1.49 

7.22 

10.49 

5.61 

121 

1916 

U                 U                        ((                                u 

73.72 

1.52 

7.27 

9.59 

7.90 

139 

1909 

Indiana  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Wilson's 

75 .  27 

1.53 

6.70 

8.75 

7.75 

132 

1916 

U                        tl                        tl                        tl 

73.45 

1.51 

7.91 

8.55 

8.58 

143 

1909 

Libbv,  McNeil  &  Libbv.   Libby's 

74.08 

1.50 

7.15 

9.39 

7.88 

137 

1916 

Mohawk  Cond.  Milk 'Co.     Gold 

Cross 

72.72 
73.05 

1.75 
1.60 

7.91 
6.51 

9.58 
10.73 

8.04 
8.11 

142 

1916 

Morris  &  Co.     Supreme 

142 

1916 

National  Cond.  Milk  Co.    Globe 

72.60 

1.57 

7.02 

10.84 

7.97 

143 

1916 

Pacific    Coast    Cond.    Milk    Co. 

Carnation 

73.75 

1.49 

6.76 

9.89 

8.11 

140 

1906 

Scranton  Cond.   Milk  Co.     Gilt 

Edge 

70.11 

1.70 

8.60 

11.99 

7.60 

151 

1916 

Seminole  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Belle 

Brook 

72.94 

1.62 

6.57 

10.83 

8.04 

142 

1916 

Seminole  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Lake 

View 

73.83 
70.09 

1.60 
1.81 

6.44 
8.31 

10.08 
11.31 

8.05 

8.48 

139 

1906 

St.  Charles  Cond.  Co.  Silver  Cow 

155 

1909 

It         it             tt               tl         It 

70.86 

1.72 

8.17 

10.63 

8.62 

153 

1906 

"             «           St.  Charles 

68.93 

1.80 

8.75 

11.86 

8.66 

160 

1909 

tl            a                 a                 tt         it 

71.58 

1.34 

7.66 

10.55 

8.87 

153 

1905 

tt                 tl                        tl                            U                 tl 

71.37 

7.10 

1906 

73.49 

"i!53 

'7!65 

i6!45 

7.48 

i37 

1909 

Van  Camp's 

74.85 

1.29 

6.89 

9.77 

7.20 

131 

1910 

((          ((              ((            It           It 
tl         tl              It           tt           tl 

tt            a                 a               It               a 

8.41 
9.35 
8.00 

1911 

71^23 
72.90 

1916 

"i'.6S 

'6".76 

ioles 

i42 

1909 

Wayne  Co.  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Blue 

Label 

70.98 

74.48 

1.57 
1.45 

7.53 
6.70 

10.93 
9.38 

8.99 
7.99 

155 

1916 

Wisconsin  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Lion. . 

136 

1916 

«      Mohican 

73.89 

1.37 

6.57 

10.24 

7.93 

139 

Average 

72.78 
75.27 
68.93 

1.57 
1.8S 
1.29 

7.26 
8.75 
6.38 

10.26 

11.99 

8.10 

8.24 

10.20 

5.61 

145 

Maximum 

164 

Minimum 

121 

CONDENSED   MILK.  403 

Table  II — Condensed  Milk  (Sweetened.) 


si 


Brand  and  Manufacturer. 


2g, 


1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1916 
1919 
1904 
1916 
1916 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1909 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1919 
1904 
1909 
191,6 
1916 
1919 
1904 
1916 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1909 
1.919 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1904 
1909 
1904 
1919 
1909 
1904 
1909 
1904 
1919 
1909 

1904 


AUen-Ditchett  Co.     The  Best 

Amer.  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Anchor 

"  "  «  Blue  Bell 

C.  Andresen  &  Co.  Andresen's  Best. . 
Aylwer  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Canada  First 

Aurora  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Aurora 

Bennett,  Sloan  &  Co.  Valley  Farm.  . 
Berna  Milk  Co.  Swiss  Milk  Berna.  .  . 
Bernese  Alps  Milk  Co.  Swiss  Milk. . 
Borden's  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Baby 


Challenge.. 


Dairy. 
Daisy. 


Darling.. .  . 
Defiance..  . 


Dime. 


Dirigo. 
Dixie. . 

Eagle.. 


Full  Weight 
Leader .... 

Magnolia. . 


O.  K. .... 
Pine  Tree. 

Stag 

Star 

Thistle.  . . 
Tip  Top. . 


Winner 

Bridgeton  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Epicure, 
Champlain  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Cham 

plain , 

Clark's  Summit  D.  &  C.  Co.    Apple 

Blossom 


03 

97 
50 
69 
93 
39 
86 
01 
72 
00 
62 
55 
84 
32 
02 
22 
32 
28 
08 
95 
75 
13 
97 
85 
21 
91 
06 
99 
87 
26 
,85 
82 
17 
,81 
66 
,78 
.89 
.67 
72 
.16 
.67 
.08 
,26 
.38 

.30 

.65 


38.57 
37.88 
37.94 
41.62 
39.62 
42.10 
42.13 
37.52 
41.73 
39.97 
40.61 
40.84 
43.42 
29.22 
39.88 
43.42 
40.47 
43.45 
41.80 
43.43 
39.81 
40.91 
42.22 
39.44 
37.49 
41.22 
38.41 
42.93 
44.03 
39.90 
41.00 
41.35 
42.24 
42.11 
42.16 
36.56 
32.97 
43.70 
38.52 
41.12 
41.76 
39.94 
42.34 
30.14 

39.11 

32.01 


1.90 
1.97 
1.95 
2.10 
1.56 
1.75 
1.91 
2.02 
1.86 


1.72 


1.92 
1.82 
1.88 
1.60 
1.75 
1.50 
1.79 
1.70 
1.93 
1.73 
2.00 
1.77 
1.79 
1.90 
1.81 
1.86 
1.86 
1.70 
1.95 
1.74 
1.78 
1.76 
1.75 
1.89 
1.64 
1.97 
1.66 
1.86 
2.15 
1.88 
1.81 
1.66 

1.71 

1. 


9.12 

9.28 

9.50 

9.81 

7.53 

7.85 

9.12 

8.36 

8.17 

8.71 

7.91 

8.17 

8.57 

8.10 

7.98 

8.10 

7.82 

8.17 

7.52 

7.85 

8.99 

8.47 

7.72 

7.77 

7.65 

9.03 

8.04 

8.15 

8.04 

7.59 

8.80 

7.87 

7.95 

8.80 

7.85 

8.72 

7. 

9.16 

8.20 

8.10 

9.35 

8.29 

8.87 

7.31 

7.85 

8.46 


15 
14 
14 
14 
13 
12 
13 

*17 
14 
14 
12 
12 
13 

*20 
15 
12 
12 
11 
14 
10 
13 
13 
15 
14 
17 
13 

*16 
12 
11 
15 
14 
11 
12 
13 
13 

*17 

*18 
12 
10 
13 
15 
15 
12 

*23 


12.43 
*20.60 


9.60 
9.40 


315 
332 
333 
330 
323 
341 
336 
342 
346 
343 
331 
327 
334 
314 
341 
341 
318 
334 
331 
334 
331 
337 
341 
326 
326 
342 
334 
332 
339 
333 
344 
321 
326 
347 
329 
338 
319 
342 
312 
342 
355 
340 
340 
317 

324 

329 


*Results  probably  too  high  due  to  a  partial  inversion  of  cane  sugar. 


404         CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BULLETIN   213. 
Table  II — Condensed  Milk  (Sweetened) — Continued. 


Brand  and  Manufacturer. 


03 

bO 

13 

V 

a 

J3 

O 

< 

2S 


1919 
1916 
1909 
1904 

1909 

1916 

1904 
1909 
1916 
1909 
1916 
1919 

1916 
1919 
1919 
1904 
1909 
1916 
1904 
1909 
1909 
1916 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1916 
1916 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1909 
1909 
1909 
1909 
1909 
1909 

1904 
1916 


Diamond  Creamery  Co.  Honeysuckle 

Direct  Impt.  Co.    Benefit 

Emery  Food  Co.     Emery 

Gt.  Atl.  &  Pac.  Tea  Co.  Grand- 
mother's A.  &  P 

Gt.  Atl.  &  Pac.  Tea  Co.  Grand- 
mother's A.  &  P 

Gt.  Atl.  &  Pac.  Tea  Co.  Grand- 
mother's A.  &  P 

Dr.  Hand  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Dr.  Hand's 

U  U  U  U  U  li 

Holland  Food  Corp.     Milkman 

M.  B.  &  F.  S.  Hubbell.     Gilead 

Hudson  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Kitten 

International  Milk  Prod.  Co.     Dairy 

Queen 

Libby,  McNeil  &  Libby.     Libby's. . . 


Michigan  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Peninsular 

"  "  "       Star. 

Mohawk  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Gold  Medal 
Sweet  Clover 


Henri  Nestle.     Nestl^'s 

Scranton  Cond.  Milk  Co.  Gilt  Edge. . 

"  "  "  Red  Line... 

Seminole  Cond.  Milk  Co.   Butler's. . . 

"  "  "  Essie 

U.  S.  Cond.  Milk  Co.    Empire  State.'. 

Regal 

Upper  Ten.. . . 

Vermont  Cond.  Milk  Co.    Ruby 

"  "         Silver  Chord 

"  "  "  Vermont.  . 


Wayne  Co.  Cond.  Milk  Co.    Pride  of 

Wayne 

Wisconsin  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Arrow. 

Lion.. 

Average  (84  analyses) 

Maximum 

Minimum 


52 

40.28 

1.69 

57 

40.60 

1.65 

89 

39.23 

1.54 

2.7 

40.09 

1.87 

84 

29.64 

1.75 

15 

43.22 

1.64 

97 

38.63 

2.16 

75 

35.34 

1.99 

67 

39.44 

2.08 

Zl 

36.75 

1.62 

68 

26.99 

1.99 

32 

43.90 

1.68 

61 

43.90 

1.79 

09 

43 .  99 

1.81 

76 

45.21 

1.61 

38 

41.72 

1.86 

79 

42.36 

1.78 

46 

43.30 

1.66 

07 

43.09 

1.87 

29 

42.97 

1.79 

73 

44.05 

1.59 

52 

41.20 

1.67 

76 

38.70 

1.90 

48 

41.13 

1.85 

45 

39.60 

1.93 

28 

43.81 

1.76 

61 

46.02 

1.92 

09 

40.80 

1.83 

02 

40.33 

1.85 

88 

38.47 

1.85 

58 

40.68 

1.65 

46 

42.33 

1.91 

90 

40.97 

1.71 

41 

43.56 

1.62 

17 

40.54 

1.70 

52 

44.83 

1.63 

83 

42.02 

1.79 

53 

39.93 

1.70 

62 

40.34 

1.80 

72 

45.21 

2.16 

67 

26.99 

1.50 

7. 

7.91 

8.61 

8.88 

7.91 

7.52 
9.36 
8.43 
8.68 
8.10 
8.49 

7.44 
8.36 
7.37 
7.98 
8.60 
8.49 
6.95 
8.71 
8.74 
8.42 
8.42 
8.70 
8.72 
8.98 
7.78 
7.27 
8.14 
7.96 
8.34 
8.23 
8.49 
8.36 
8.23 
8.43 

8.36 
8.49 
7.91 
8.29 
9.81 
6.95 


12.0 

12.01 
12.84 

13.53 

*22.85 

12.63 
14.07 

*16.55 
14.98 
14.14 

*24.68 

10.66 
13.02 
12.40 
10.98 

13 .  20 
12.59 
12.22 
12.95 
12.26 
11.82 
13.21 
15.37 
13.86 
14.80 
12.45 
12.95 
14.11 
13.91 

14 .  66 
12.82 
12.30 
13.80 
11.57 
11.28 

12.29 
12.87 
12.21 
14.00 
24.68 
10.42 


9.60 

8.26 
8.89 

8.36 

9.01 

8.84 
8.81 
7.94 
9.15 
9.18 
10.17 


8.37 
8.00 
8.72 
8.95 
10.17 
6.90 


327 
316 
323 

325 

323 

333 
328 
313 
335 
327 
332 

329 
349 
330 
333 
328 
335 
326 
343 
345 
342 
332 
337 
336 
319 
336 
339 
333 
329 
325 
337 
338 
336 
340 
330 

337 
326 
319 
332 
355 
312 


*Results  probably  too  high  due  to  a  partial  inversion  of  cane  sugar. 


CONDENSED    MILK. 


r 


405 


Condensed  Skimmed 

Milk 

(Sweetened). 

Q 

Brand  and  Manufacturer. 

i 

a 

03 

o 

< 

00 

05 

s 

0     fc, 

1916 
1916 
1919 
1916 
1919 
1916 

M.  Darlington's  Sons.     Marvel 

Foster  Packing  Co.     Target 

Merton  Dairy  Prod.  Co.     Value 

Hires  Cond.  Milk  Co.     Square.  ..... 

Northville  Milk  Cond.  Co.    Domestic 

South  Holland  Milk  Corp.  Van  Troup 

Average. 

28.60 
26.32 
29.27 
28.34 
30.16 
29.80 
28.74 

48.22 
38.63 
30.42 
47.45 
42.72 
37.83 
40.88 

1.86 
1.90 
2.33 
1.71 
2.34 
2.19 
2.05 

8.29 
8.74 
9.80 
8.36 
10.05 
9.57 
9.14 

12.36 
23.37 
27.02 
13.28 
13.06 
20.00 
18.18 

0.67 
1.04 
1.16 
0.86 
1.67 
0.61 
1.01 

282 
292 
279 
284 
278 
276 
?8'> 

Malted  Milks. 

Seven  samples,  representing  four  brands,  have  been  analyzed. 
These  are  mixtures  of  dried  milk  and  malted  cereals.  They  con- 
tain practically  no  unaltered  starch  and  accordingly  are  of  value 
to  persons  with  impaired  digestion. 


Table  III — Malted  Milk. 


Brand  and  Manufacturer. 


Pi 


g* 


1915 
1908 
191i5 
1908 
1915 
1908 
1915 


A.  D.  S. . . 
Borden's. . 

Horlick's. 

It 

Meadow's 


5.93 
5.42 
5.18 
3.63 
2.03 
4.04 
3.20 


6.75 
6.14 
7.15 
8.36 
8.10 
4.11 
5.20 


0.13 
0.23 
0.05 
0.00 
0.15 
0.26 
0.30 


3.08 
3.17 
3.45 
3.70 
4.00 
3.22 
3.28 


14.06 
13.38 
15.38 
12.94 
15.00 
13.88 
14.50 


70.05 

71.66 

68.79 

71.37 

70.72416 

74.491390 

73.62399 


397 
395 
401 
412 


DRiEr  Milks,  or  Milk  Powders. 

Analyses  of  seven  brands  are  shown  in  Table  IV.  As  a  rule 
these  represent  milks  from  which  more  or  less  of  the  original  fat 
has  been  removed.  This  has  been  done  with  no  fraudulent  intent, 
but  rather  because  a  skimmed  milk  is  more  easily  dried  than  a 
whole  milk  and  the  resultant  product  has  superior  keeping  qualities. 


406         CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION   BULLETIN   213. 


Table  IV — Dried  Milk. 


Brand  and  Manufacturer. 


CO 

"5 
< 

Ah 

1 

s 

o 

a 

2.56 

8.10 

37.07 

2.23 

.50.04 

5.05 

8.37 

35.41 

3.20 

47.97 

8.39 

7.74 

32.47 

2.60 

48.80 

5.15 

5.50 

25.58 

10.95 

52.82 

4.05 

5.75 

25.78 

14.52 

49.90 

3.37 

8.10 

34.45 

1.46 

52.62 

2.90 

8.30 

35.73 

1.93 

51.14 

3.78 

6.00 

25.65 

47.36 

37.21 

1913 
1918 
1918 
1914 
191^ 
1916 

1916 

1909 


Klim.      Merrell-Soule  Co 

Krystalak.     Dry  Milk  Co 

Lactora.     Dry  Milk  Co 

Mammala.    Mammala  Corp. . . . 
«  «  « 

Randel's  Sol.  Dry  Milk.  wVa 
Randel  &  Co 

Skimilkris.  Borden's  Cond.  Milk 
Go 

Trumilk.     Merrell-Soule  Co.. . 


369 
363 
348 
412 
433 

361 

365 

498 


The  legal  restrictions  as  to  the  sale  of  skimmed  milk  as  such 
doubtless  also  contributed  to  the  development  of  this  method  of 
marketing  this  valuable,  and  too  often  neglected,  food. 

Trumilk,  essentially  a  dried  whole  milk,  we  believe  is  no  longer 
on  the  market.  Klim,  manufactured  by  the  same  firm,  Krystalak, 
Lactora,  Randel's  Soluble  Dry  Milk  and  Skimilkris,  are  all  skimmed 
milk  powders  of  quite  similar  composition. 

Mammala  is  a  dried  milk  from  which  about  one-half  of  the  milk 
fat  has  been  removed  and  a  corresponding  percentage  of  milk 
sugar  added.  It  is  offered  especially  for  the  feeding  of  babies, 
invalids  and  convalescents. 

In  these  days  of  high  prices  there  is  every  reason  to  recommend 
such  foods  as  these  milk  powders,  especially  as  their  production 
represents  a  distinct  conservation  of  our  food  resources.  Too 
often  fat  is  considered  the  only  valuable  constituent  of  milk,  the 
value  of  its  protein  being  almost  entirely  overlooked.  At  the 
present  time  skimmed  milk  is  one  of  our  cheapest  sources  of  protein. 


Hebe. 

This  is  an  evaporated  skimmed  milk  to  which  about  6  per  cent, 
of  cocoanut  oil  has  been  added.  Cocoanut  fat  is  not  an  adequate 
substitute  for  milk  fat  in  a  food  for  children  or  invahds,  and  no 
such  claim  is  made  or  impKed  for  this  preparation.  It  should  be 
a  satisfactory  food  for  the  purposes  stated  on  the  label,  namely: 


SUGAR-FREE   MILKS.  407 

"for  coffee  and  cereals,  baking  and  cooking,"    Our  analysis,  made 
in  1918,  follows: 

Water 74.51 

Ash 1.58 

Protein  (N  x  6.38) 6.38 

Fat 8.18 

Lactose 9.35 

Calories  per  100  gms 137 

Sugar-Free  Milks. 

These  preparations  have  a  distinct  value  in  diets  where  carbo- 
hydrates are  restricted,  as  in  the  case  of  those  suffering  from 
diabetes.  We  have  examined  two  brands,  Dr.  Bouma's,  sold  by 
Gustav  Muller  &  Co.,  New  York,  and  Whiting's,  sold  by  D. 
Whiting  and  Sons,  Boston.    Our  analyses  follow: 

Bouma  Whiting. 

1913  1913  1919 

Water 91.8  86.4  83.3 

Ash 0.5  0.7           0.8 

Protein  (N  X  6.38) 2.4  5.7           6.4 

Nitrogen-free  extract 0.0  Tr.           0.2 

Fat 5.3  7.2           9.3 

Calories  per  100  gms 57  88           110 

These  products  are  both  true  to  name  and  contain  mere  traces 
of  carbohydrates.  The  Whiting  brand,  however,  is  the  more  con- 
centrated of  the  two,  and  our  analysis  of  this  brand  just  completed 
shows  considerably  more  nutriment  than  was  shown  by  the  same 
brand  in  1913. 


Sc^ 


3\ 


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